\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {i}\hspace {1em}2dF Description}{5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Hardware Description}{6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}The Corrector}{6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}The Fibre Positioner}{6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}The Fibres}{10}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}The Spectrographs}{16}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Software and Controls}{19}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Overall System Description}{19}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Hardware Interfaces}{19}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Software Overview}{21}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {ii}\hspace {1em}Preparing Observing Programs for 2dF}{22}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Preparing Observing Projects}{23}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Reference Stars}{23}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Magnitude Effects}{24}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Systematic Plate Distortions}{24}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Proper Motions}{25}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Choice of Fiducial stars}{25}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Configuration Input File Format}{27}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}File Format}{27}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Example Input File}{28}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}The Configuration Program}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Obtaining and Installing Configure}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Running Configure}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Opening Files}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Converting Files}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Setting the Wavelength}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.7}Setting the Field Plate}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.8}Overview of Allocation Procedure}{32}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.9}The Allocation Procedure in more detail}{32}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.1}Target Priorities}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.2}The Allocation Window}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.3}Sky fibres}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.10}Checking Allocation Validity}{34}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.11}Manual Allocation of Fibres}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.12}The Graphical Display}{37}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.13}Saving a Configuration}{37}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.14}Batch Mode}{37}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.15}Command Line Switches}{37}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.16}Common Problems}{38}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.17}Tips for Running Configure}{38}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {iii}\hspace {1em}Observing with 2dF}{39}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}The 2dF Software System}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Starting Up the 2dF System}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Overview of Software}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}The Control Task}{41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}Positioner Control}{41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Telescope Control}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.3}CCD Control}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.4}ADC Control}{46}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.5}Autoguider Control}{46}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.6}Spectrograph Control}{46}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}FPI Control}{46}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Observing Procedure}{50}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Outline of Observing Procedure}{50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}Preparation during the afternoon}{50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Procedure during the night}{50}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Centering a Star in the FPI}{51}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Running the ADC}{52}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Telescope Focus}{52}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}Pointing Calibration}{53}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5.1}Measuring the FPI/Plate offsets}{53}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5.2}The Plate-Plate offset}{54}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5.3}Measuring The Pointing Model}{54}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.6}Astrometric Calibration (`POSCHECK')}{55}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.1}Calibration Star Fields}{55}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.2}Preparing for Calibration}{56}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.3}Automatic Calibration}{57}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.4}Summary}{58}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.5}Manual Calibration}{58}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.6}Reducing the Calibration Run}{58}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.6.7}Manually Reducing the Calibration Run on a Unix System}{58}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.7}The Declination Problem}{59}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.8}Setting Up a Field}{59}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.1}Preliminary Requirements}{59}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.2}Running the Setup}{60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Problems?}{60}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.9}Acquiring Fields}{60}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.10}Taking Calibration and Data Frames}{61}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.1}Typical Observing Sequence}{61}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.2}BIAS frames}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.3}DARK frames}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.4}Long Slit Flat Fields}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.5}Multi-Fibre Flat Fields}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.6}Wavelength Calibration Frames (ARCs)}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.7}Object Frames}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.8}Offset Sky Frames}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.9}Standard Stars}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Outline of Procedure}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Time Requirements}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Useful Information}{64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.10.10}Observing Overheads and Minimum Calibration Requirements}{65}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.11}Running the Autoguider}{65}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.1}Starting the Autoguider}{65}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.2}Field setup}{66}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.3}Confirming basic operation}{66}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.4}Setting up for guiding}{66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Independent configuration}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Flat fielding}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Disabling fibres}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sky frame}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.5}Guiding}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.6}Options}{68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Graphing offsets}{68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Freeze mode}{68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Guide Mode}{68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Logging}{69}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Settings}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.7}Shutting Down}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.8}Operation}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.11.9}Quantex Sync problems}{69}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {iv}\hspace {1em}2dF Data Reduction System}{71}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Data Reduction}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Introduction}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Obtaining and Installing 2dfdr}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Data Reduction System Setup}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}Preparing Data for Reduction}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.1}Files Required}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.2}Converting FITS files}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.3}Old 2dF Data}{74}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}Running the Data Reduction System}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5.1}Startup Problems}{74}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6}Data Reduction - Quick Guide}{75}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}The User Interface}{75}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Reducing Data}{75}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}Plotting Data}{76}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.4}Did it Work?}{76}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.5}Restarting the data reduction system}{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.7}The Data Reduction Process in More Detail}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.1}File Name Conventions}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.2}Calibration Files}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.3}Combining Offset Sky Files}{80}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.4}Tram-Line Maps}{80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting the Tram-Line Map}{80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Creating a New Fibre Position File}{81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Reducing the Flat Field}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tram Maps with Other Files}{82}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.5}Fibre Extraction}{82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Background Subtraction}{83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fitting Profiles}{83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Extracting Spectra}{83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting Fits}{83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cosmic Ray Rejection}{84}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fibre Overlap}{84}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.6}Dividing by Fibre Flat Field}{84}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.7}Wavelength Calibration}{84}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.8}Fibre Throughput Calibration}{86}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Offset Sky Method}{86}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sky Lines}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Finally ...}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.9}Sky Subtraction}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.10}Combining Reduced Spectra}{88}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Continuum Level Adjustment}{88}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Flux Weighting Option}{89}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.11}Summary of Data Reduction Sequence}{90}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.8}2dF Data Headers and the 2dfinfo command}{91}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.9}A Tour of the User Interface}{92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.1}The Menus}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The File Menu}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Options Menu}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Commands Menu}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Help Menu}{93}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.2}The Automatic Reduction Section}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Setup Button}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Start Button}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Stop Button}{93}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.3}The Data Page}{93}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.4}The Parameter Pages}{94}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{General}{94}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Combine}{94}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Extract}{95}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{SkySub}{95}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plots}{96}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Hard}{96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.5}The Execution Task Section}{96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.6}The Plot Windows}{97}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Interacting with Plots}{97}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting Fibre Spectra}{97}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Changing the Size of the Plot Window}{97}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Multiple Plots}{97}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Making Hard Copies of the Screen Plot}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.10}Old 2dF Data}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.1}Fits Header Items}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.2}Object and Sky Fibre information}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.3}Setting the Class of the Data Files}{100}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.4}Data Contamination by Artificial Lights}{100}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}2dF Gratings}{103}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.0.5}Grating Efficiencies}{103}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Instrument Sensitivity}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}High Resolution}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Low Resolution}{108}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Appendix: More About the ADC}{109}