\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {i}\hspace {1em}2dF Description}{7}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Hardware Description}{8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}The Corrector}{8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}The ADC}{12}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}The Fibre Positioner}{13}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}The Fibres}{13}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}The Spectrographs}{17}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Software and Controls}{25}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Overall System Description}{25}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Hardware Interfaces}{25}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Software Overview}{27}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {ii}\hspace {1em}Preparing Observing Programs for 2dF}{28}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Preparing Observing Projects}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Reference Stars}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Magnitude Effects}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Systematic Plate Distortions}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Proper Motions}{31}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Choice of Fiducial stars}{31}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Configuration Input File Format}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}File Format}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Example Input File}{34}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}The Configure Program}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Obtaining and Installing Configure}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Running Configure}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Opening Files}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Converting Files}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Setting the Wavelength}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.7}Setting the Field Plate}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.8}Overview of Allocation Procedure}{38}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.9}The Allocation Procedure in more detail}{38}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.1}Target Priorities}{39}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.2}The Allocation Window}{39}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.9.3}Sky fibres}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.10}Checking Allocation Validity}{40}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.11}Manual Allocation of Fibres}{41}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.12}The Graphical Display}{42}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.13}Saving a Configuration}{42}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.14}Command Line Switches}{42}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.15}Common Problems}{42}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.16}Tips for Running Configure}{44}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {iii}\hspace {1em}Observing with 2dF}{45}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}The 2dF Software System}{46}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Starting Up the 2dF System}{46}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Overview of Software}{46}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}The Control Task}{47}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}Positioner Control}{47}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Telescope Control}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.3}CCD Control}{50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.4}ADC Control}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.5}Autoguider Control}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.6}Spectrograph Control}{52}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}FPI Control}{52}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Observing Procedure}{56}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Outline of Observing Procedure}{56}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}Preparation During the Afternoon}{56}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Procedure During the Night}{56}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Centering a Star in the FPI}{57}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Running the ADC}{58}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Telescope Focus}{58}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}The Declination Problem}{59}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.6}Configuring a Field}{59}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Problems?}{61}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.7}Acquiring Fields}{61}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.8}Taking Calibration and Data Frames}{61}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.1}Typical Observing Sequence}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.2}BIAS frames}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.3}DARK frames}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.4}Long Slit Flat Fields}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.5}Multi-Fibre Flat Fields}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.6}Wavelength Calibration Frames (ARCs)}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.7}Object Frames}{64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.8}Offset Sky Frames}{64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.9}Standard Stars}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Outline of Procedure}{65}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Detailed Procedure}{65}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Time Requirements}{67}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Useful Information}{67}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.8.10}Observing Overheads and Minimum Calibration Requirements}{67}
\contentsline {part}{\uppercase {iv}\hspace {1em}2dF Data Reduction System}{69}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Data Reduction}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Introduction}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Obtaining and Installing 2dfdr}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Data Reduction System Setup}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}Preparing Data for Reduction}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.1}Files Required}{71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.2}Converting FITS files}{72}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4.3}Old 2dF Data}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}Running the Data Reduction System}{72}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5.1}Startup Problems}{72}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6}Data Reduction - Quick Guide}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}The User Interface}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Reducing Data}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}Plotting Data}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.4}Did it Work?}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6.5}Restarting the data reduction system}{77}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.7}The Data Reduction Process in More Detail}{77}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.1}File Name Conventions}{77}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.2}Calibration Files}{77}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.3}Combining Offset Sky Files}{78}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.4}Tram-Line Maps}{78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting the Tram-Line Map}{78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Creating a New Fibre Position File}{79}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Reducing the Flat Field}{79}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tram Maps with Other Files}{80}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.5}Fibre Extraction}{80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Background Subtraction}{80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fitting Profiles}{81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Extracting Spectra}{81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting Fits}{81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cosmic Ray Rejection}{81}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fibre Overlap}{82}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.6}Dividing by Fibre Flat Field}{82}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.7}Wavelength Calibration}{82}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.8}Fibre Throughput Calibration}{84}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Offset Sky Method}{84}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sky Lines Method}{85}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sky Flux Methods}{85}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Finally ...}{86}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.9}Sky Subtraction}{86}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.10}Combining Reduced Spectra}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Continuum Level Adjustment}{87}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Flux Weighting Option}{88}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.11}Summary of Data Reduction Sequence}{89}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.8}2dF Data Headers and the 2dfinfo command}{90}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.9}A Tour of the User Interface}{91}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.1}The Menus}{91}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The File Menu}{91}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Options Menu}{91}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Commands Menu}{91}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Help Menu}{92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.2}The Automatic Reduction Section}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Setup Button}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Start Button}{92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{The Stop Button}{92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.3}The Data Page}{92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.4}The Parameter Pages}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{General}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Combine}{93}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Extract}{94}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{SkySub}{95}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plots}{95}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Hard}{95}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.5}The Execution Task Section}{95}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.9.6}The Plot Windows}{96}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Interacting with Plots}{96}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Plotting Fibre Spectra}{96}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Changing the Size of the Plot Window}{96}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Multiple Plots}{98}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Making Hard Copies of the Screen Plot}{98}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.10}Old 2dF Data}{98}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.1}Fits Header Items}{98}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.2}Object and Sky Fibre information}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.3}Setting the Class of the Data Files}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.10.4}Data Contamination by Artificial Lights}{99}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}2dF Gratings}{103}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.0.5}Grating Efficiencies}{104}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Instrument Sensitivity}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}High Resolution}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Low Resolution}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Measured Efficiencies}{108}